This tutorial will describe PHP 7 operators with example.The Operators help to perform operations on variables and values.
There are some new operator introduced into php 7, like null coalescing operator (??), spaceship operator(<=>).
Here, We will discuss all php7 operators with example.We will go through one by one operator types in PHP 7.There are following operators groups available in php 7.
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Increment/Decrement operators
- Logical operators
- String operators
- Array operators
- Conditional assignment operators
- Spaceship operators
PHP Arithmetic Operators
These method help to do some common arithmetical operations onto the variables.You can do addition, subtraction, multiplication etc. between two variables.
| Operator | Name | Example | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | $x + $y | Sum of $x and $y |
| – | Subtraction | $x – $y | Difference of $x and $y |
| * | Multiplication | $x * $y | Product of $x and $y |
| / | Division | $x / $y | Quotient of $x and $y |
| % | Modulus | $x % $y | Remainder of $x divided by $y |
| ** | Exponentiation | $x ** $y | Result of raising $x to the $y’th power |
PHP 7 Arithmetic Operators Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | <?php $x = 20; $y = 8; echo($x + $y); // 0utput: 28 echo($x - $y); // 0utput: 12 echo($x * $y); // 0utput: 160 echo($x / $y); // 0utput: 2.5 echo($x % $y); // 0utput: 4 ?> |
PHP 7 Assignment Operators
This type php 7 operator are used to assign values to variables.The left operands gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.
| Assignment Operator | Same as | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $x = $y | $x = $y | The assign right expression values to the left variable. |
| $x += $y | $x = $x + $y | Addition and assign value to left variable($x). |
| $x -= $y | $x = $x – $y | Subtraction and assign value to left variable($x) |
| $x *= $y | $x = $x * $y | Multiplication and assign value to $x. |
| $x /= $y | $x = $x / $y | Division and assign value to $x |
| $x %= $y | $x = $x % $y | Modulus and assign value to $x |
PHP 7 Assignment Operators Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | <?php $x = 20; echo $x; // Outputs: 20 $x += 30; echo $x; // Outputs: 50 $x -= 20; echo $x; // Outputs: 30 $x *= 5; echo $x; // Outputs: 150 $x /= 10; echo $x; // Outputs: 15 $x %= 15; echo $x; // Outputs: 1 ?> |
PHP Comparison Operators
The PHP 7 Comparison Operators help to compare two variables.You can also compare two different type variables as well.
| Operator | Name | Uses | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | $x == $y | Returns true, if $x is equal to $y |
| === | Identical | $x === $y | Returns true, if $x is equal to $y with same type |
| != | Not equal | $x != $y | Returns true, if $x is not equal to $y |
| <> | Not equal | $x <> $y | Returns true, if $x is not equal to $y |
| !== | Not identical | $x !== $y | Returns true, if $x is not equal to $y, or they are not of the same type |
| > | Greater than | $x > $y | Returns true, if $x is greater than $y |
| < | Less than | $x < $y | Returns true if, $x is less than $y |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | $x >= $y | Returns true, if $x is greater than or equal to $y |
| <= | Less than or equal to | $x <= $y | Returns true, if $x is less than or equal to $y |
PHP 7 comparison Operators Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | <?php $x = 5; $y = 15; $z = "5"; var_dump($x == $z); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($x === $z); // Outputs: boolean false var_dump($x < $y); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($x <= $y); // Outputs: boolean true ?> |
PHP 7 Increment / Decrement Operators
The PHP 7 increment operators are used to increment a variable’s value whereas Decrement Operators used to decrement a variable’s value.
| Operator | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ++$x | Pre-increment | Increments $x by one, then returns $x |
| $x++ | Post-increment | Returns $x, then increments $x by one |
| –$x | Pre-decrement | Decrements $x by one, then returns $x |
| $x– | Post-decrement | Returns $x, then decrements $x by one |
PHP 7 Incrementing and Decrementing Operators Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | <?php $x = 10; echo ++$x; // Outputs: 11 echo $x; // Outputs: 11 echo $x++; // Outputs: 11 echo $x; // Outputs: 12 echo --$x; // Outputs: 11 echo $x; // Outputs: 11 echo $x--; // Outputs: 11 echo $x; // Outputs: 9 ?> |
PHP 7 Logical Operators
The PHP 7 logical operators are used to combine two conditions.You can combine two variable conditions using logical operators.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | And | $x and $y | True – if both $x and $y are true |
| or | Or | $x or $y | True – if either $x or $y is true |
| xor | Xor | $x xor $y | True – if either $x or $y is true, but not both |
| && | And | $x && $y | True – if both $x and $y are true |
| || | Or | $x || $y | True – if either $x or $y is true |
| ! | Not | !$x | True – if $x is not true |
PHP 7 Logical Operators Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | <?php $x = 10; $y = 20 if($x < $y && ($y% $x == 0)) { echo "factored number"; } else { echo "not factored number"; } ?> |
PHP 7 String Operators
There are following operators for string manipulation.Its specially designed for string types variables.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| . | Concatenation | $str1 . $str2 | Concatenation of $str1 and $str2 |
| .= | Concatenation assignment | $str1 .= $str2 | Appends $str2 to $str1 |
PHP 7 String Operators Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | <?php $x = "Hello"; $y = " PHPflow!"; echo $x . $y; // Outputs: Hello PHPflow! $x .= $y; echo $x; // Outputs: Hello PHPflow! ?> |
PHP 7 Array Operators
PHP 7 also provides operators for array type variables, you can compare two arrays using following array operators.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Union | $x + $y | Union of $x and $y |
| == | Equality | $x == $y | Returns true, if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs |
| === | Identity | $x === $y | Returns true, if $x and $y have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types |
| != | Inequality | $x != $y | Returns true, if $x is not equal to $y |
| <> | Inequality | $x <> $y | Returns true, if $x is not equal to $y |
| !== | Non-identity | $x !== $y | Returns true, if $x is not identical to $y |
PHP 7 String Operators Example
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | $a = array("a" => "Car", "b" => "Bus", "c" => "Truck"); $b = array("u" => "Auto", "v" => "Train", "w" => "Metro"); $c = $a + $b; // Union of $x and $y var_dump($c); var_dump($a == $b); // Outputs: boolean false var_dump($a === $b); // Outputs: boolean false var_dump($a != $b); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($a <> $b); // Outputs: boolean true var_dump($a !== $b); // Outputs: boolean true |
PHP 7 Conditional Assignment Operators
PHP provides some conditional statements for values assignment of a variable. This conditional assignment operators are used to set a value depending on conditions.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| ?: | Ternary | $x = 3 > 2 ? true : false | Returns the value of $x based on condition. |
| ?? | Null coalescing | $x = $a > $b ?? $a : $b | Returns the value of $x. The value of $x is $a if $a exists, and is not NULL. If $a does not exist, or is NULL, the value of $x is $b. |
PHP 7 Conditional Assignment Operators Example
1 2 | // if a is not passed $a = $a ?? 0;// result 0; |
PHP 7 Spaceship Operator
These operator are introduced into PHP 7.The operand (<=>) used for comparing two expressions.This is a three-way comparison operator and it can perform greater than, less than and equal comparison between two operands.
The spaceship operator returns 0 if both operands are equal, 1 if the left is greater, and -1 if the right is greater.
PHP 7 Spaceship Operator Example
1 2 3 | echo 10 <=> 10; // outputs 0 echo 30 <=> 40; // outputs -1 echo 40 <=> 30; // outputs 1 |
there are errors:
echo($x % $y); // 0utputs: 4 not 2
——————
$a = $a ?? $a : 0;// result 0;
it must be written
$a = $a ??0;// result 0;
thanks for correction